GLOBAL VISION LAW FIRM

A copyright is a collection of rights that
automatically vest to someone who creates an
original work of authorship like a literary work,
artistic work, song, movie, or software. These rights
consist of, the right to reproduce the work, prepare
derivative works, distribute copies, and perform and
display the work publicly.

Patent Registration provides a statutory right to the
inventor by the government for his/her invention which
is either a new process or product. The Registered
patent helps the inventor to prevent the third party
without authorization from making or manufacturing,
using, offering for sale, selling, importing, distributing,
and licensing the patented invention.

AGREEMENT
An agreement is a manifestation of mutual assent by two
or more persons, two or more countries, or groups to one
another about future action. It is a meeting of the minds
with a common intention and is made through offer and
acceptance
An agreement is a manifestation of mutual assent by two
or more persons, two or more countries, or groups to one
another about future action. It is a meeting of the minds
with a common intention and is made through offer and
acceptance.
01
MEMORANDUMS
A memorandum, more commonly known as a memo, is
a short message or record used for internal
communication in a business.
WILLS
A will or testament is a legal document communicating a
person's final wish regarding the distribution of his assets
and possessions, his wish regarding custody of minor
dependents, and management of accounts and interests.

Cheque bounce is a criminal offense stipulated
under Section- 138 of the Negotiable Instruments
Act, 1881. However, in case of a cheque bounce, the
aggrieved party can file a criminal as well as a civil
suit against the accused.

Such disputes are related to wages, benefits, and
duties of the employees and the dispute
the management between the company and the trade
union or an employee. Such matters are often
described in a collective labour agreement (CLA).

NATIONAL COMPANY
LAW TRIBUNAL ( NCLT )
The Code recognizes National Company Law Tribunal
(the NCLT) constituted under Section 408 of the
Companies Act, 2013 as Adjudicating Authority for
insolvency

A criminal case is filed by the state or the people against the
defendant. Usually, it is a crime against society. If the
defendant is proved guilty, he pays debt to society and that
means the perpetrator goes to jail.

OUR LAW FIRM PROVIDES SERVICES FOR CYBER CRIME IN INDIA.

OUR LAW FROM ALSO PROVIDES LEGAL HELP FOR ONLINE FRAUD IT MAY FINANCIAL RELATED OR ANY OTHER ISSUES

The role of a corporate lawyer is to ensure the legality of commercial transactions, advising corporations on their legal rights and duties, including the duties and responsibilities of corporate officers. In order to do this, they must have knowledge of aspects of contract law, tax law, accounting, securities law, bankruptcy, intellectual property rights, licensing, zoning laws, and the laws specific to the business of the corporations that they work for.[2][3] In recent years, controversies involving well-known companies such as Walmart and General Motors have highlighted the complex role of corporate lawyers in internal investigations, in which attorney-client privilege could be considered to shelter potential wrongdoing by the company. If a corporate lawyer's internal company clients are not assured of confidentiality, they will be less likely to seek legal advice, but keeping confidences can shelter society's access to vital information.

Mergers And Acquisitions
1. A business may grow over time as the utility of its products and services is recognized. It may also grow through an inorganic process, symbolized by an instantaneous expansion in work force, customers, infrastructure resources and thereby an overall increase in the revenues and profits of the entity. Mergers and acquisitions are manifestations of an inorganic growth process. While mergers can be defined to mean unification of two players into a single entity, acquisitions are situations where one player buys out the other to combine the bought entity with itself. It may be in form of a purchase, where one business buys another or a management buy out, where the management buys the business from its owners. Further, de-mergers, i.e., division of a single entity into two or more entities also require being recognized and treated on par with mergers and acquisitions regime as recommended below, and accordingly references below to mergers and acquisitions also is intended to cover de-mergers (with the law & Rules as framed duly catering to the same).

2. Mergers and acquisitions are used as instruments of momentous growth and are increasingly getting accepted by Indian businesses as critical tool of business strategy. They are widely used in a wide array of fields such as information technology, telecommunications, and business process outsourcing as well as in traditional business to gain strength, expand the customer base, cut competition or enter into a new market or product segment. Mergers and acquisitions may be undertaken to access the market through an established brand, to get a market share, to eliminate competition, to reduce tax liabilities or to acquire competence or to set off accumulated losses of one entity against the profits of other entity.

3. The process of mergers and acquisitions in India is court driven, long drawn and hence problematic. The process may be initiated through common agreements between the two parties, but that is not sufficient to provide a legal cover to it. The sanction of the High Court is required for bringing it into effect. The Companies Act, 1956 consolidates provisions relating to mergers and acquisitions and other related issues of compromises, arrangements and reconstructions, however other provisions of the Companies Act get attracted at different times and in each case of merger and acquisition and the procedure remains far from simple. The Central Government has a role to play in this process and it acts through an Official Liquidator (OL) or the Regional Director of the Ministry of Company Affairs. The entire process has to be to the satisfaction of the Court. This sometimes results in delays.

4. Needless to say, in the context of increasing competitiveness in the market, speed is of the essence, especially in an expanding and vibrant economy like ours. A sign of corporate readiness, skill and stratagem is the ability to do such mergers and acquisitions with ‘digital’ speed. E-governance could provide a helpful tool in achieving the objective of speed with provisions for online registration, approvals etc.

5. The Committee was of the view that contractual mergers may be given statutory recognition in the Company Law in India as is the practice in many other countries. Such mergers and acquisitions through contract form (i.e. without court intervention), could be made subject to subsequent approval of shareholders by ordinary majority. This would eliminate obstructions to mergers and acquisitions, ex-post facto protection and ability to rectify would be available.

6. There has been a steady increase in cross-border mergers with the increase in global trade. Such mergers and acquisitions can bring long-term benefits when they are accompanied by policies to facilitate competition and improved corporate governance.

7. The Committee went into several aspects of the provisions in the existing law constituting a separate code in themselves and regulating a very important aspect of restructuring and consolidation of business in response to the economic environment. An effort was made to identify the areas of concern under the present law and to recommend means of addressing them.

8. At present, in case of a proposed scheme for amalgamation of company which is being dissolved without winding up, the law requires a report from the Official Liquidator (OL) or Registrar of Companies (ROC) that the affairs of company have not been conducted in a manner prejudicial to the interest of its members or to public interest. The Act also requires that no order for dissolution of any transferor company shall be made by the Court unless the OL makes a report to the Court that the affairs of the company have not been conducted in a manner prejudicial to the interest of its members or to public interest. The Committee felt that the above two requirements under the present law can be covered by issuing notices to ROC and OL respectively; who may file before the Court, information that may have a bearing on the proposed merger. There is no requirement of a separate information in response to the notice to be filed for the purpose. Filing of such report may be time-bound, beyond which it may be presumed that ROC/OL concerned have no comments to offer.

Single window concept.

9. The law should provide for a single forum which would approve the scheme of mergers and acquisition in an effective time bound manner. The law should also provide for mandatory intimation to regulators in respect of specified class of companies. The concept of ‘deemed approval’ should be provided for in cases where the regulators do not intimate/inform their comments within a specified time period to the Court/Tribunal before which the scheme of merger/amalgamation is submitted for approval.

Valuation of shares

10. The Committee while discussing this aspect in detail, also took into account the Shroff Committee Report on “Valuation of Corporate Assets and Shares” during the course of its deliberation on the subject and took the view that valuation of the shares of companies involved in schemes of mergers should be made mandatory in respect of such companies. It was also recommended that such valuation should be carried out by independent registered valuers rather than by Court appointed valuers. The law should lay out the exception, if any, to the mandatory valuation requirements. The law should also recognize valuation of incorporeal property. Valuation standards may also be developed on the lines of ‘International Valuation Standards’ issued by the International Valuation Standards Committee. The valuation should be transparent so that the aggrieved person may get an opportunity to challenge the same before Court/Tribunal. Benchmarking of valuation techniques and Peer Review Mechanism for Valuers should also be provided for.

11. Where an Audit Committee is mandatory for a company, the task of appointing the valuer should be entrusted to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee should also have the duty to verify whether the valuer has an advisory mandate and had past association with the company management. The Audit Committee should verify the independence of the valuer for the purposes of an independent valuation. In the case of companies not required to have Audit Committee, this task should be carried out by the Board.

Registration of merger and acquisition

12. The Committee discussed with concern, the differential stamp duty regime prevalent in different States, which inhibits merger and acquisition activity. It has been a question for consideration whether an order of a court sanctioning a compromise/arrangement under Sections 391-394 of the Companies Act, 1956 would be stampable as a “conveyance” at the rates applicable to such entry in the various state Stamp Acts. Certain states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka and Rajasthan sought to address this problem by amending their stamp legislations to make an order of the High Court under Sections 391-394 stampable. However, majority of the states in India have not adopted this stand, resulting in a confusion on the issue. This confusion is more acutely present in the case of mergers of companies that have registered offices in different states. However, as this subject falls within the domain of the States under the Constitution, the States will have to take initiative in this regard. It would be appropriate for the Central Government to facilitate a dialogue in this regard.

Advised on employment legislations, social benefit schemes and statutory obligations of employers.
Conducted labor audits and prepared tools to ensure compliance, foresee probable risks and provide advice to prevent and/or mitigate such risks.
Represented clients across a broad spectrum of industries and services in drafting standing orders, employment manuals, and human resource policies.
Advised on hiring and termination of employees, including key personnel of an organization.
Drafted and/or reviewed employment agreements/ employment handbooks, and advised on enforceability of non-compete provisions in employment contracts and unfair labor practices